Blog Posts


## Question

I'm building my API for my app web. I'm using Sequelize and Express. I have created models with Sequelize and I'm writing for the moment the different controller and end-point.

My question is: Do I need to do data checks before my methods from Sequelize? I ask this question because the methods from Sequelize use data check too inside.

For the moment I have that. But... Do I really need to do checks given that they are also done inside Sequelize?

```text
`exports.editUser = (req, res) => {
    let userId = parseInt(req.params.id);

    if (!userId) {
        return res.status(400).json({ message: "Missing ID parameter" })
    }

    User.findOne({ where: { id: userId }, raw: true })
        .then(user => {
            if (user === null) {
                return res.status(404).json({ message: "This user does not exist !" })
            }

            User.update(req.body, { where: { id: userId } })
                .then(user => res.json({ message: "User updated" }))
                .catch(err => res.status(500).json({ message: "Error BDD", error: err }))
        })
        .catch(err => res.status(500).json({ message: "Error BDD", error: err }))
}`
```

Can I write only that ?

```text
`exports.editUser = (req, res) => {
    let userId = parseInt(req.params.id);

    if (!userId) {
        return res.status(400).json({ message: "Missing ID parameter" });
    }

    User.update(req.body, { where: { id: userId } })
        .then(user => res.json({ message: "User updated" }))
        .catch(err => res.status(500).json({ message: "Error BDD", error: err }));
}`
```

## Answer

I think your question is more on good programming practices, my advice is to do your data checks which allows you more control and certainty on what your application is doing or processing instead of leaving it all to Sequelize. In the first piece of code:

```text
`exports.editUser = (req, res) => {
  let userId = parseInt(req.params.id)

  if (!userId) {
    return res.status(400).json({ message: 'Missing ID parameter' });
  }

  User.findOne({ where: { id: userId }, raw: true })
    .then((user) => {
      if (user === null) {
        return res.status(404).json({ message: 'This user does not exist !' });
      }

      User.update(req.body, { where: { id: userId } })
        .then((user) => res.json({ message: 'User updated' }))
        .catch((err) => res.status(500).json({ message: 'Error BDD', error: err }));
    })
    .catch((err) => res.status(500).json({ message: 'Error BDD', error: err }));
};`
```

The flow of code is straightforward and allows you more control, return's appropriate message and avoid's unexpected error's. It check's if the `userID` is the right data type, checks if `userID` is supplied and most importantly check's if a user exists before proceeding with the user update.

The second piece of code which i referenced below has a few pitfalls, it assumes that the userId exists and thus results with your system executing a piece of code unnecessarily and then throw an error in the case that the specified ID does not exist (which is something you know would happen).

```text
`exports.editUser = (req, res) => {
  let userId = parseInt(req.params.id);

  if (!userId) {
    return res.status(400).json({ message: "Missing ID parameter" });
  }

  User.update(req.body, { where: { id: userId } })
    .then(user => res.json({ message: "User updated" }))
    .catch(err => res.status(500).json({ message: "Error BDD", error: err }));
}`
```

This is a classic example of something called **Technical Debt**, where you intentionally or strategically leave out certain functions of your code which you know you need, either as a shortcut or to meet deadlines. This will have consequences in the future and will require code refactoring. For more reading on Technical Debt, read more [here](https://www.productplan.com/glossary/technical-debt/).

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/77999840)


API with sequelize and Express: verification in controller


## Question

I'm pretty new to Sequelize and trying to learn all of the cool tricks you can use to format your queries, but have run into a bit of a wall.

Basically I have a table "invoices". I have another table "invoice_items" which has a relationship many invoice_items to one invoice.

Currently I am trying to include this one to many association in a findAll query such that the invoice_items are nested in an array in each invoice object.

Something along the lines of:

```text
`[
  {
    name: invoice1
    invoiceItems: [
      itemOne,
      itemTwo,
    ]
  },
    {
    name: invoice2
    invoiceItems: [
      itemOne,
      itemTwo,
    ]
  }
]`
```

The closest I can get is outputting multiple invoice objects (one for each association). Here is the query, which outputs the object below.

```text
`db.invoice.findAll({
    where: {
        userId: req.user.id
    },
    include: "invoiceItems",
    raw : true,
    nest : true
});`
```

```text
`[
  {
    name: "invoice1",
    invoiceItems: "itemOne"
  },
  {
    name: "invoice1",
    invoiceItems: "itemTwo"
  },
  {
    name: "invoice2",
    invoiceItems: "itemOne"
  },
  {
    name: "invoice2",
    invoiceItems: "itemTwo"
  }
]`
```

Is there any way to achieve what I am hoping to achieve here? Thanks in advance!

Edit:

I was able to get the desired result by using get() to help process the result. The issue I have been having is raw: true seems to not work with eager loading.

Here is the processed option in case anyone finds it helpful.

```text
`db.invoice.findAll({
    where: {
        userId: req.user.id
    },
    include: "invoiceItems",
}).then(results => {
    let processedResults = [];
    for (const result of results){
        processedResults.push(result.get({ plain: true }));
    }
    return processedResults;
});`
```

## Answer

If you would like to simplify your code further you can have it like below:

```text
`db.invoice.findAll({
    where: {
        userId: req.user.id
    },
    include: [{model: invoiceItems}]
}).then(results => results);`
```

- Omitting `plain: true`, by default Sequelize returns an array of objects so the array defined as "processedResults" is not necessary.
- The expression `(results => results)` is ES6 shorthand for:
  ```javascript
  (results) => {
    return results;
  };
  ```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/77992761).


How to get associations in an array using sequelize findAll()?


## Question

I'm pretty new to Sequelize and trying to learn all of the cool tricks you can use to format your queries, but have run into a bit of a wall.

Basically, I have a table "invoices". I have another table "invoice_items" which has a relationship of many invoice_items to one invoice.

Currently, I am trying to include this one-to-many association in a `findAll` query such that the `invoice_items` are nested in an array in each invoice object.

Something along the lines of:

```json
[
  {
    "name": "invoice1",
    "invoiceItems": ["itemOne", "itemTwo"]
  },
  {
    "name": "invoice2",
    "invoiceItems": ["itemOne", "itemTwo"]
  }
]
```

When I try this query (essentially grabbed from the documentation):

```text
`db.invoice.findAll({
    where: {
        userId: 'ed8fdd40-b807-4e51-b1f5-90fb5b7f6e73'
    },
    include: { all: true, nested: true }
}).then(result => {
    console.log(result)
})`
```

I am met with an error

```text
c:\Users\brend\Desktop\projects\invoice-server\node_modules\sequelize\lib\model.js:1189
          let associations = result.get(include.association.as);
                                    ^

TypeError: result.get is not a function
    at c:\Users\brend\Desktop\projects\invoice-server\node_modules\sequelize\lib\model.js:1189:37
    at Array.reduce (<anonymous>)
    at c:\Users\brend\Desktop\projects\invoice-server\node_modules\sequelize\lib\model.js:1188:50
    at Array.map (<anonymous>)
    at Model._findSeparate (c:\Users\brend\Desktop\projects\invoice-server\node_modules\sequelize\lib\model.js:1186:39)
    at invoice.findAll (c:\Users\brend\Desktop\projects\invoice-server\node_modules\sequelize\lib\model.js:1153:24)
    at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:95:5)

Node.js v20.10.0
```

The odd thing is that when I try something like this the query succeeds, but is not formatted as intended (A separate invoice object for each associated invoiceItem)

```text
`db.invoice.findAll({
    where: {
        userId: 'ed8fdd40-b807-4e51-b1f5-90fb5b7f6e73'
    },
    include: "invoiceItems",
    raw : true ,
    nest : true
}).then(result => {
    console.log(result)
})`
```

To aid in identifying the issue I will add more full code below (wondering if I have the associations messed up):

invoice model

```text
`module.exports = (sequelize, Sequelize, DataType) => {
    const Invoice = sequelize.define('invoice', {
        id: {
         type: DataType.UUID,
         primaryKey: true
        },
        userId: {
         type: DataType.UUID,
         validate: {
            allowNull: false
         }
        },
        name: {
         type: DataType.STRING(150)
        }
//Additional fields left out here for simplicity
     },{
        underscored: true
     });
     Invoice.associate = models => {
      Invoice.hasMany(models.invoiceItem), {
         foreignKey: "invoiceId"
      }
      Invoice.belongsTo(models.user)
     };

     return Invoice
};`
```

invoiceItem model

```text
`module.exports = (sequelize, Sequelize, DataType) => {
    const InvoiceItem = sequelize.define('invoiceItem', {
        id: {
         type: DataType.UUID,
         primaryKey: true
        },
        invoiceId: {
         type: DataType.UUID,
         validate: {
            allowNull: false
         }
        },
        userId: {
         type: DataType.UUID,
         validate: {
            allowNull: false
         }
        },
        name: {
         type: DataType.STRING(150)
        }
//Additional fields left out here for simplicity
     },{
        underscored: true
     });
     InvoiceItem.associate = models => {
      InvoiceItem.belongsTo(models.invoice, {
         foreignKey: "invoiceId"
      })
      InvoiceItem.belongsTo(models.user), {
         foreignKey: "userId"
      }};

     return InvoiceItem
};`
```

And finally my index.js file that brings everything together

```text
`'use strict';

const fs = require('fs');
const path = require('path');
const Sequelize = require('sequelize');
const basename = path.basename(__filename);
const sequelize = require('../config/database.js')

const db = {}
db.Sequelize = Sequelize;
db.sequelize = sequelize;

fs.readdirSync(__dirname)
  .filter(file => {
    return (
      file.indexOf('.') !== 0 &&
      file !== basename &&
      file.slice(-3) === '.js' &&
      file.indexOf('.test.js') === -1
    );
  })
  .forEach(file => {
    const model = require(path.join(__dirname, file))(db.sequelize, db.Sequelize, db.Sequelize.DataTypes)
    db[model.name] = model;
  });
Object.keys(db).forEach(modelName => {
  if (db[modelName].associate) {
    db[modelName].associate(db);
  }
});

module.exports = db;`
```

Any thoughts or suggestions are much appreciated, thanks in advance!

## Answer

Your setup appears to be correct so far, and the issue might be coming from the options you have specified (nested: true):

```text
`db.invoice.findAll({
    where: {
        userId: 'ed8fdd40-b807-4e51-b1f5-90fb5b7f6e73'
    },
    include: { all: true, nested: true }
}).then(result => {
    console.log(result)
})`
```

In the above code, start by removing `nested: true`. Other options you can look at are `plain: true`, `raw: true`, etc.

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/77988745).


Sequelize findAll() throwing error when including associations


## Question

After downloading the Xcode beta and attempting to install the iOS 17.0 Simulator, an error message popped up saying, "Failed - Registering simulator runtime with CoreSimulator failed."

I have come across other solutions to this issue, but being new to this field, I was unable to resolve it on my own.

I have more than 18GB of free storage and have tried deleting and re-downloading Xcode-beta multiple times.

If anyone is able to assist me with this problem, I would greatly appreciate it!

[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/xGW0G.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/xGW0G.png)

## Answer

I ran into the same issue trying to setup my React Native environment for iOS, after a little reading i came across an article that described the problem as

\> Error typically occurs when there is an issue with registering the simulator runtime with CoreSimulator. It can be triggered during the download and installation of simulator runtimes, such as the VisionOS Simulator, in Xcode 15.

And the possible causes being:

1.  Insufficient Storage
2.  Software Glitch (temporary issues with CoreSimulator or related services can trigger this error)
3.  Network Problems (issues during the download process can also cause this error.)

In my case i had less storage, **cleared my storage to make space** and error still persisted, next i noticed there was a **pending MacOS update**, ran the update, restarted my mac and everything was fixed. Updates are mostly important for bug fixes.

For further reading on the article referenced above, access it [here](https://developermemos.com/posts/troubleshooting-registering-simulator-runtime-error-xcode-15).[![enter image description here](https://i.sstatic.net/hI5VF.png)](https://i.sstatic.net/hI5VF.png)

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/77988325)


iOS 17.0 Simulator - Failed - Registering simulator runtime with CoreSimulator falied


## Question

I'm using sequelize for my project and trying to create a simple association between two models.

User model:

```text
`const { DataTypes } = require('sequelize');
import db from '../db';

const UserModel = db.define('user', {
  id: {
    type: DataTypes.STRING,
    unique: true,
    primaryKey: true,
    allowNull: false
  },
  email: {
    type: DataTypes.STRING,
    allowNull: true,
    unique: true
  },
  ...
});

export default UserModel;`
```

Session model

```text
`const { DataTypes } = require('sequelize');
import db from '../db';

const SessionModel = db.define('session', {
  id: {
    type: DataTypes.STRING,
    unique: true,
    allowNull: false,
    primaryKey: true
  },
  userId: {
    type: DataTypes.STRING,
    allowNull: false,
    references: {
      model: 'users',
      key: 'id'
    }
  },
  expiresAt: {
    type: DataTypes.DATE,
    allowNull: false
  }
});

export default SessionModel;`
```

I have a script for migration, and here is how i define association

```text
`require('dotenv').config({ path: '../.env' });
const { DataTypes } = require('sequelize');

import db from '../db';

// Models
import SessionModel from '../models/session';
import UserModel from '../models/user';

/**
 * Associations.
 */

// Session - User association
UserModel.hasMany(SessionModel, { foreignKey: 'userId', type: DataTypes.STRING });
SessionModel.belongsTo(UserModel, { foreignKey: 'userId', type: DataTypes.STRING });

/**
 * Sync the database.
 */
const start = async () => {
  await db.sync({ force: true });
};

if (process.env.START && require.main === module) {
  start()
    .then(() => {
      console.info('DONE ✨');
    })
    .catch((err) => {
      console.error('ERROR 💥', err);
    });
}`
```

Then I try to retrieve user data with session like this

```text
`const users = await UserModel.findAll({
    where: whereCondition,
    include: [SessionModel]
  });`
```

The error message is **"session is not associated to user!"**

Sequelize version is

```text
`"sequelize": "^6.35.1"`
```

## Answer

Your associations seem to be set up correctly and the issue might be coming from the way you are referencing your models, specifically in the code below:

```text
`userId: {
    type: DataTypes.STRING,
    allowNull: false,
    references: {
      model: 'users',
      key: 'id'
    }
  },`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/77987304).


Unable to create association with Sequelize


## Question

I have a `nodejs` project that uses `sequelizejs` and now the config file as a `config.json` looks like this:

```json
{
  "development": {
    "users": {
      "username": "postgres",
      "password": "admin",
      "database": "users",
      "host": "127.0.0.1",
      "port": 5432,
      "dialect": "postgres",
      "dialectOptions": {
        "ssl": false,
        "useUTC": false
      },
      "logging": false,
      "timezone": "+08:00"
    }
  }
}
```

Now, the `.sequelizerc` file looks like this:

```javascript
const path = require("path");

module.exports = {
  config: path.resolve("./config/config.json"),
  "models-path": path.resolve("./models"),
  "seeders-path": path.resolve("./seeders"),
  "migrations-path": path.resolve("./migrations"),
};
```

If anyone is wondering, the file tree for my `seeders` folder looks like this:

```plaintext
📦seeders
 ┣ 📂products
 ┣ 📂test1
 ┗ 📂users
 ┃ ┣ 📜20230206125203-Users.js
 ┃ ┗ 📜20230206132648-UserProfiles.js
```

I run the command: `npx sequelize-cli db:seed --seeders-path ./seeders/users --env development.users`

but I received an error:

```plaintext
Sequelize CLI [Node: 16.17.0, CLI: 6.6.0, ORM: 6.29.1]

Loaded configuration file "config/config.json".

ERROR: Dialect needs to be explicitly supplied as of v4.0.0
```

My `.env` already has a `NODE_ENV=development` on it.

I read the whole documentation for `sequelize` and it doesn't seem to provide a scenario where `development` has nested values inside of it.

Interestingly, a user from [this](https://github.com/sequelize/cli/issues/1068) GitHub issue on sequelize-cli has a solution to their problem but they used a `config.js`, but I still use `config.json` on the `.sequelizerc` and as I try to mimic their code, it still doesn't work for my case.

I believe the issue here resides in the `config.json` being nested as `development.users` but I don't seem to see anything on the documentation I have missed.

Feel free to answer the question on how can I work to seed my seeder file! Thanks

## Answer

It would be great to see how you are using your configurations, based on your setup you should have something similar like the one below:

```javascript
const config = require("./config.json");

sequelize = new Sequelize(
  config.users.database,
  config.users.username,
  config.users.password,
  {
    host: config.users.host,
    dialect: config.users.dialect,
    logging: false,
  }
);
```

or

```javascript
sequelize = new Sequelize(process.env[config.use_env_variable], {
  logging: false,
});
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/77980845)


Sequelize can't run seeders due to dialect not detected on config file ("ERROR: Dialect needs to be explicitly supplied")


## Question

I am using [sequelize cli](https://www.npmjs.com/package/sequelize-cli?activeTab=readme) to configure postgresql and run migrations/seeders. There are a couple of logs being printed unnecessarily and might also reveal internals of my service. I would want to suppress these logs. The logs seen are as follows.

1.  Loaded configuration file "src/infrastructure/config/config.js".
2.  \[4mSequelize CLI \[Node: 18.14.2, CLI: 6.6.2, ORM: 6.35.2\]\[24m
3.  No seeders found.

Also, FYI, I have already tried adding logging false in config file, which isn't working.

```text
~~~text
~~~text
{
  "development": {
    "username": "username",
    "password": "password",
    "database": "db_name",
    "host": "127.0.0.1",
    "dialect": "mysql",
    "logging": false
  },
  "test": {
    // ...
  }
```

}

```

```

## Answer

The way you have setup to disable logs appears to be correct, however you can also specify the "logging:false" directly where you create your Sequelize connection like below:

```text
`sequelize = new Sequelize(process.env[config.use_env_variable], {
      timezone: config.db_configs.timezone,
      logging: false, //specify logging false here
    });`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/77980772)


How to disable sequelize cli log - Sequelize CLI [Node: 10.21.0, CLI: 6.0.0, ORM: 6.1.0]


## Question

I am trying to go deeper with Sequelize and especially using migration. But, I can't imagine that the [documentation](https://sequelize.org/docs/v6/other-topics/migrations/) requires that we use a json file to put database info. So, my question is, "how can this be possible when I am using Git and GiHub for my project?" If I decide to ignore the file, how can my colleagues get to know about the exact structure I am using? Or am I missing something? Should you share your exact workflow for Sequelize, Postgress and Git?

## Answer

Yes, it is normal to put your database info in either a json or js file, for better and improved security you should pull your database configurations from a .env file or from ENV Variables on your server. i.e instead of:

```text
`development: {
    username: 'database_dev',
    password: 'database_dev',
    database: 'database_dev',
    host: '127.0.0.1',
    port: 3306,
    dialect: 'mysql'
  }`
```

You should have something like this in your config file:

```text
`development: {
    username: process.env.DB_USERNAME,
    password: process.env.DB_PASSWORD,
    database: process.env.DB_NAME,
    host: process.env.DB_HOSTNAME,
    port: process.env.DB_PORT,
    dialect: process.env.DIALECT
}`
```

Notice that your username and password now come from **process.env**.

You will then have to create a .env file that will contain all sensitive information like passwords and this file **you will have to add to .gitignore and never commit it to git**. Read more about env files [here](https://medium.com/the-node-js-collection/making-your-node-js-work-everywhere-with-environment-variables-2da8cdf6e786).

When sharing your code to github, you include your config.json/config.js file but your colleagues or potential hackers won't know the username, password or any database configurations and this is done on purpose to avoid having sensitive information like passwords in your code.

The database configuration will then have to be shared with them separately or can only exist on one of your servers as ENV Variables.

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/74742053)


Sequelize ORM, is this normal that we have to put database info into a json file?


## Question

I am new to Angular. I try to toggle the paragraph using a method. I declared two variables that contain my object for the style of my paragraph. My problem is I got an error

```text
`Error: src/app/directives-sample/directives-sample.component.html:6:7 - error TS2322: Type 'string' is not assignable to type '{ [klass: string]: any; }'.
  Type 'string' is not assignable to type '{ [klass: string]: any; }'.

6 <div [ngStyle]="!isSpecial ? 'currentStyles' : ''">
        ~~~~~~~

  src/app/directives-sample/directives-sample.component.ts:5:16
    5   templateUrl: './directives-sample.component.html',
                     ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
    Error occurs in the template of component DirectivesSampleComponent.

** Angular Live Development Server is listening on localhost:4200, open your browser on http://localhost:4200/ **

× Failed to compile.`
```

Here's my code:

//html

```text
`<div [ngStyle]="isSpecial ? 'currentStyles' : 'specialStyles'">
    This div is initially italic, normal weight, and extra large (24px).
</div>`
```

//ts

```text
`export class DirectivesSampleComponent implements OnInit {
  isSpecial: boolean = false;
  currentStyles = { 'font-style':'italic','font-weight': 'bold', 'font-size': '24px', 'color': 'red'};
  specialStyles = { 'font-style':'italic','font-weight': 'italic', 'font-size': '16px', 'color': 'blue'};
  constructor() { }

  ngOnInit(): void {
  }

  toggleSpecial() {
    this.isSpecial = !this.isSpecial;
  }`
```

How can I solve this problem?

## Answer

I suggest you make use of ngClass instead of ngStyle and you can begin by creating your 2 style classes like below:

```text
`.currentStyles {
  font-weight: bold;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 24px;
  color: red
}

.specialStyles {
  font-weight: italic;
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: blue
}`
```

Then in your paragraph, you can have the following:

```text
`<div [ngClass]="isSpecial ? 'specialStyles' : 'currentStyles'">
    This div is initially italic, normal weight, and extra large (24px).
</div>`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/72034839).


How can I toggle the style of a paragraph using [ngStyle] and ternary on Angular?


## Question

I am trying to check an object coming in a back-end response to see if error.isCritical is true or false and setting the ngClass accordingly, i've tried many different approaches, but this is the one i am using right now:

Angular/HTML:

```text
`<p-table>
    <ng-template pTemplate="header">
        <tr *ngFor="let error of errors"
            [ngClass]="{critical: error.isCritical, notCritical:
            !error.isCritical}">
             <td width="25%">
                {{ error.dateRange['start'] }} to
                {{ error.dateRange['end'] }}
             </td>
             <td width="25%">{{ error.processId }}</td>
             <td width="50%">{{ error.message }}</td>
        </tr>
     </ng-template>
</p-table>`
```

CSS:

```text
`.critical{
  background-color: red;
}
.notCritical{
  overflow: hidden;
  background-color: white;
  padding: 5px;
  color: black;
}`
```

It seems to either make them all red background, or all white background no matter what i try, and i have checked the backend call and the isCritical flag is false for some and true for others, so i can't figure out why they are all red when they are red?

Any Help would be greatly appreciated.

## Answer

You can dynamically add classes using the code below:

```text
`[ngClass]="{'critical': error.isCritical, 'notCritical' : !error.isCritical }"`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/72034482)


Changing background color using ngClass and boolean is not working correctly?


Still looking for a simpler method to transfer repos from Gitlab to Github while preserving all history?

Step 1. Login to Github, create a private repo with the exact same name as the repo you would like to transfer.

Step 2. Under "push an existing repository from the command" copy the link of the new repo, it will look something like this:

```
git@github.com:your-name/name-of-repo.git
```

Step 3. Open up your local project and look for the folder .git. Typically this will be a hidden folder. Inside the .git folder, open up config.

The `config` file will contain something like:

```
[remote "origin"]
url = git@github.com:your-name/name-of-repo.git
fetch = +refs/heads/:refs/remotes/origin/
```

Under [remote "origin"], change the URL to the one that you copied on Github.

Step 4. Open your project folder in the terminal and run: git push --all. This will push your code to Github as well as all the commit history.

Step 5. To make sure everything is working as expected, make changes, commit, push and new commits should appear on the newly created Github repo.

Step 6. As a last step, you can now archive your Gitlab repo or set it to read only.

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion <a href="https://stackoverflow.com/questions/22265837/transfer-git-repositories-from-gitlab-to-github-can-we-how-to-and-pitfalls-i" target="_blank">here</a>
> .


Transfer git repositories from GitLab to GitHub


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Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

## Covid-19 Situation

Nam ut rutrum ex, venenatis sollicitudin urna. Aliquam erat volutpat. Integer eu ipsum sem. Ut bibendum lacus vestibulum maximus suscipit. Quisque vitae nibh iaculis neque blandit euismod.

> Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!

![alter-text](/images/post/post-1.png)
*Example Caption*

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius! Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet consectetur adipisicing elit. Nemo vel ad consectetur ut aperiam. Itaque eligendi natus aperiam? Excepturi repellendus consequatur quibusdam optio expedita praesentium est adipisci dolorem ut eius!


Artificial Intelligence and Robotics In A Nutshell

My work from home workstation

What you need to know about Photography


## Question

In Angular, I need to open a PDF in a new tab and allow the user to download it with a specific name (Example.pdf). The code below downloads the PDF however doesn't open a new tab (`target=_blank` is not working). Any ideas how to fix this?

```text
`show(blob){
    var fileURL: any = URL.createObjectURL(blob);
    var a = document.createElement("a");
    a.href = fileURL;
    a.target = '_blank';
    a.download = "Example.pdf";
    a.click();
}`
```

## Answer

I solved it using the method below if anyone is interested in a different method.

Service code:

```text
`fetchDocument(fileUrl) {
        //pass document url to the service
        return this.http.post(
          `http://localhost:3000/mydocuments/${fileUrl}`,
          {},
          {
            responseType: 'arraybuffer',
          }
        );
      }`
```

In your component ts file:

```text
`downloadPDF(content) {
    //make a call to the service passing in document url
    this.service.fetchDocument(fileUrl)
      .subscribe(
        (response: any) => {
          let array = new Uint8Array(response);

          //service returns an array buffer so convert array buffer to blob
          let file = new Blob([array], { type: 'application/pdf' });
          let fileURL = URL.createObjectURL(file);
          window.open(fileURL);
        },
        (err) => {
          console.error(err);
        }
      );
  }`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/71202254)


Open a PDF in a new tab AND download with file name in Angular


## Question

I'm trying to serve a PDF via Express in a way it is displayed in browser:

```text
`app.post('/asset', function(request, response){
  var tempFile="/home/applmgr/Desktop/123456.pdf";
  fs.readFile(tempFile, function (err,data){
     response.contentType("application/pdf");
     response.send(data);
  });
});`
```

However, the browser shows binary content. How to handle this correctly?

## Answer

```text
`post('/fileToSend/', async (req, res) => {

  const documentPath = path.join(
    __dirname,
    '../assets/documents/document.pdf'
  );

  res.setHeader('Content-Type', 'application/pdf');
  res.setHeader('Content-Disposition', 'attachment; filename=document.pdf');

  return res.download(documentPath);
});`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/71202063)


Display Pdf in browser using express js


## Question

I'm having an issue with pm2.

If I start my app with

```text
`cd /my/path
pm2 start server.js`
```

everything works correctly, but if I use an `ecosystem.config.js` file, then it gives the following error

```text
`pm2 start ecosystem.config.js
Error: Cannot find module '/my/path/server.js'\n    at Function.Module._resolveFilename`
```

my ecosystem file is configured as follows

```text
`module.exports = {
    "apps": [{
        "name": "MyApp",
        "script": "server.js",
        "cwd": "/my/path"
    }]
}`
```

I tried uninstalling pm2, updating npm and reinstalling node_modules, but still I can't understand why it says a module is missing in my file (expecially because it works when not using the ecosystem file)

## Answer

Ensure that the ecosystem.config.js is in the root of your project as well as your server entry file (server.js) and specify your script as below:

```text
`module.exports = {
    "apps": [{
        "name": "MyApp",
        "script": "./server.js"
    }]
}`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/68005092)


PM2 Error: Cannot find module when using ecosystem file


## Question

with the `create()` method I get the just created row back is there a way to get its associations also back.

like the `include` option we get with `findAll`

for example I have this output on `create`

```text
~~~text
~~~text
{
    "id": 62,
    "product_id": 1, // Association
    "quantity": "20",
    "user_id": 1,  // Association
    "updatedAt": "2021-06-04T12:20:33.370Z",
    "createdAt": "2021-06-04T12:20:33.370Z"
  }
```

```

```

## Answer

At the moment, to achieve this simply run a second query to retrieve the newly created object like below:

```text
`Order.create({
      productId,
      quantity,
      userId
    }).then((newOrder) => {
      Order.findAll({
        where: { orderId: newOrder.orderId },
        include: [
          {
            model: Product //association
          },
          {
            model: User //association
          }
        ]
      }).then((order) => {
        console.log('new order', order);
      });
    });`
```

If there is anyone that knows of a better way to retrieve the newly created object, i would also appreciate the solution.

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/67837569)


How to return just created row with its association with sequelize


## Question

I'm having a weird issue with Sequelize I haven't encountered before, when I try to run my migrations nothing happens. I get the following output:

```text
Loaded configuration file "config/config.json"
Using environment "development"
```

And the program just exits back.

I've checked my code multiple times over and everything checks out.

Model code:

```text
module.exports = {
up: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
    return queryInterface.createTable("users", {
        id: {
            allowNull: false,
            autoIncrement: true,
            primaryKey: true,
            type: Sequelize.INTEGER
        },
        username: {
            type: Sequelize.STRING,
            unique: true,
            allowNull: false,
            validate: {
                notEmpty: true
            }
        },
        email: {
            type: Sequelize.STRING,
            unique: true,
            allowNull: false,
            validate: {
                notEmpty: true,
                isEmail: true
            }
        },
        password: {
            type: Sequelize.STRING,
            allowNull: false,
            validate: {
                notEmpty: true,
                len: [7, 42]
            }
        },
        createdAt: {
            type: Sequelize.DATE
        },
        updatedAt: {
            type: Sequelize.DATE
        }
    })
},
down: (queryInterface, Sequelize) => {
    return queryInterface.dropTable("users")
}
}
```

And here is a snippet from my model/index.js:

```text
const fs = require("fs")
const path = require("path")
const Sequelize = require("sequelize")

const basename = path.basename(__filename)
const env = process.env.TEST_ENV || "development"
const config = require(`${__dirname}/../config/config.js`)[env]
const db = {}

console.log('config', config)

let sequelize
if (config.use_env_variable) {
    sequelize = new Sequelize(process.env[config.use_env_variable], config)
} else {
    sequelize = new Sequelize(
        config.database,
        config.username,
        config.password,
        config
    )
}
```

It's almost like sequelize just isn't picking up any of migrations file. I'm not sure how I should troubleshoot this. Any help on this would be much appreciated.

## Answer

I ran into this issue as well after updating my node version from 12.16.2 to 14.15.4, suddenly the migrations stopped working with no error message being displayed. To fix this, simply run:

```text
npm install pg@latest
```

According to pg's documentation, to use node version >= 14.x you will need to install pg@8.2.x or later due to some internal stream changes on the node 14 branch.

For further reading, look at pg's official documentation [here](https://node-postgres.com/).

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/67699961).


sequelize migrations not running


## Question

I have simple chartjs in angularjs, and I would like override a few options like borderWidth, backgroundColor and so on ...

![](https://i.sstatic.net/EnjcV.png)

I've tried ...

# HTML

```text
`<div ng-app="chartDemo" ng-controller="MainController as mainCtrl">
      <canvas id="doughnut" class="chart chart-doughnut"
        chart-data="mainCtrl.data" chart-labels="mainCtrl.labels" chart-options="mainCtrl.options" chart-dataset-override="mainCtrl.datasetOverride">
      </canvas>
</div>`
```

# JS

```text
`angular.module('chartDemo', ['chart.js'])
    .config(['ChartJsProvider', function (ChartJsProvider) {
    // Configure all charts
    ChartJsProvider.setOptions({
      //animation: false,
      //responsive: false
    });
  }])
    .controller('MainController', MainController);

function MainController($scope, $timeout) {
  var chart = this;

  chart.labels = ["Stack", "Over", "Flow"];
  chart.data = [10, 30, 70];
  chart.options = {
    legend: {
      display: true,
      position: 'bottom'
    },
    cutoutPercentage: 60,
    tooltipEvents: [],
    tooltipCaretSize: 0,
    showTooltips: true,
    onAnimationComplete: function() {
      self.showTooltip(self.segments, true);
    }
  }

/*   chart.datasetOverride = [{borderWidth: 2 }, {borderWidth: 5 },{borderWidth: 10 } ]; */


 /*  chart.datasetOverride = [{hoverBackgroundColor: '#ff6384' }, {hoverBackgroundColor: '#45b7cd' },{hoverBackgroundColor: '#ff8e72' } ]; */


  chart.datasetOverride = [{backgroundColor: '#ccc' }, {backgroundColor: '#ddd' },{backgroundColor: '#fff' } ];



}

MainController.$inject = ['$scope', '$timeout'];`
```

I've tried look everywhere in their documentation ([https://jtblin.github.io/angular-chart.js/](https://jtblin.github.io/angular-chart.js/)), but see nothing to do that.

Any sugesstion for me to get that working ?

# Fiddle

[https://jsfiddle.net/bheng/csupfywt/](https://jsfiddle.net/bheng/csupfywt/)

## Answer

For anyone still looking for how to override default chart colors:

Under ChartJsProvider.setOptions, simply add

> chartColors: \['#000', '#0000ff', '#ee82ee'\]

Note: Be mindful of what color types you use e.g (HEX or RGBA), this option only works for HEX colors

See below for reference:

```text
`angular.module('chartDemo', ['chart.js'])
    .config(['ChartJsProvider', function (ChartJsProvider) {
    // Configure all charts
    ChartJsProvider.setOptions({
    chartColors: ['#000', '#0000ff', '#ee82ee'],
      //animation: false,
      //responsive: false
    });
  }])
    .controller('MainController', MainController);`
```

For a working Fiddle example, see [here](https://jsfiddle.net/sirleon/mtuqfcs3/3/)

For further reading, check out angular-chart.js documentation [here](https://github.com/jtblin/angular-chart.js)

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/67500892)


ChartJS - Override Attributes (AngularJS)


## Question

I have managed to get my include statements working with my foreign keys however when I try to add a 'where' statement to the findAll statement I am getting the below error. I have checked my foreign keys and models numerous times and I can't see any problems with them.

Do I have the syntax correct in the below API? The data in the keys is important so I don't want to have to spend more time on a workaround. I have seen other examples that have the where statement inside one of the include keys but the fields I want pulled are on the main table so I don't think this is the same situation.

> Unhandled rejection Error: Include unexpected. Element has to be either a Model, an Association or an object.

API

```text
`const sequelize = require("pg");
const { Sequelize, Op, Model, DataTypes } = require("sequelize");

exports.schoolDiveLogApproval = (req, res) => {

    try {
        const schoolID = req.params.schoolID;

        diveLog.findAll({
            include: [{
                model: diveType, as: 'diveTypeID_FK2',
            }, {
                model: diveSchool, as: 'diveSchoolID_FK',
            }, {
                model: current, as: 'currentID_FK',
            }, {
                model: visibility, as: 'visibilityID_FK',
            }, {
                model: user, as: 'userID_FK1',
            }, {
                model: diveSpot, as: 'diveSpotID_FK2'
            }],
            where: {
                [Op.and]: [
                    {diveSchoolID: schoolID},
                    {diveVerifiedBySchool: false}
                ]
            },
        })

...........`
```

**Update**

Error message

```text
~~~text
~~~text
{
    "message": "missing FROM-clause entry for table \"diveLog\""
}
```

````

Controller API with raw SQL

```text
exports.schoolDiveLogApproval = async (req, res) => {

    try {
        const schoolID = req.params.schoolID;
        const { QueryTypes } = require('sequelize');
        await diveLog.sequelize.query(
            'SELECT * '+
            'FROM "diveLogs" '+
            'LEFT OUTER JOIN "diveTypes" AS "diveTypeID_FK2" ON "diveLogs"."diveTypeID" = "diveTypeID_FK2"."diveTypeID" ' +
            'LEFT OUTER JOIN "diveSchools" AS "diveSchoolID_FK" ON "diveLog"."diveSchoolID" = "diveSchoolID_FK"."diveSchoolID" ' +
            'LEFT OUTER JOIN "currents" AS "currentID_FK" ON "diveLog"."currentID" = "currentID_FK"."currentID" ' +
            'LEFT OUTER JOIN "visibilities" AS "visibilityID_FK" ON "diveLog"."visibilityID" = "visibilityID_FK"."visibilityID" ' +
            'LEFT OUTER JOIN "userLogins" AS "userID_FK" ON "diveLog"."userID" = "userID_FK1"."userID" ' +
            'LEFT OUTER JOIN "diveSpots" AS "diveSpotID_FK2" ON "diveLog"."diveSpotID" = "diveSpotFK2"."diveSpotID" ' +
            'WHERE "diveLogs"."diveSchoolID" = ? ' +
            'AND "diveLogs"."diveVerifiedBySchool" = ?',
            {
                type: QueryTypes.SELECT
            }
        )
    } catch (error) {
        console.error(error);
        res.status(500).json({ error: 'Internal Server Error' });
    }
};
````

All the table and column names look correct as per the pgAdmin database so I can't see where the problem could be other than the syntax.

I have gone off the way the SQL is executed in the IDE terminal so it should execute in theory. Is this more likely to be due to the way I pass the id?

## Answer

With regards to the first error in your API, ensure you are requiring your models like below:

```text
`const { diveLog, diveType, diveSchool, current, visibility, user, diveSpot } = require('../models');`
```

The second error message:

```text
~~~text
{ "message": "relation \"divelogs\" does not exist" }
```

Indicates that the table "divelogs" cannot be found in your database, double check if the table exists, if it does not exist, run your migrations to create the table. Please note that, if enabled Sequelize will automatically make your table names plural. If you define a model called **User**, Sequelize will create the table as **Users**.

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/67494743).

```

```


Pulling data with 'Where' and 'Include' statements at the same time


## Question

Error `[ERR_HTTP_HEADERS_SENT]`: Cannot set headers after they are sent to the client

```text
`at ServerResponse.setHeader (_http_outgoing.js:558:11)

    at ServerResponse.header (D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\response.js:771:10)

    at ServerResponse.send (D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\response.js:170:12)

    at ServerResponse.json (D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\response.js:267:15)

    at D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\server.js:57:6

    at Layer.handle [as handle_request] (D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\router\layer.js:95:5)

    at next (D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\router\route.js:137:13)

    at Route.dispatch (D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\router\route.js:112:3)

    at Layer.handle [as handle_request] (D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\router\layer.js:95:5)

    at D:\D\Coding\Web Development\Final Project\Face Detection\facerecognitionbrain-api\node_modules\express\lib\router\index.js:281:22`
```

```text
`const express = require('express');

const bodyParser = require('body-parser');

const bcrypt = require('bcrypt-nodejs');

const app = express();

app.use(bodyParser.json());

const database = {
  users: [
    {
      id: '123',
      name: 'John',
      email: 'john@gmail.com',
      entries: 0,
      joined: new Date()
    },
    {
      id: '124',
      name: 'sally',
      email: 'sally@gmail.com',
      entries: 0,
      joined: new Date()
    }
  ],
  login: [
    {
      id: '987',
      hash: '',
      email: 'john@gmail.com'
    }
  ]
}

app.get('/', (req,res) =>{

res.send(database.users);

})

app.post('/signin', (req, res)=>{

bcrypt.compare("apple", '$2a$10$r145GrmmFJAaiRF3Gn3eEuTRS69chhTOYS9sAhiACyiV7oe/vbFyO', function(err, res) {

    console.log('first guess', res);

});

bcrypt.compare("veggies", '$2a$10$r145GrmmFJAaiRF3Gn3eEuTRS69chhTOYS9sAhiACyiV7oe/vbFyO', function(err, res) {

    console.log('second guess', res);

});

if(req.body.email === database.users[0].email &&

req.body.password === database.users[0].password){

res.json('success');

}

else{

res.status(400).json('error logging in');

}

res.json('signing')

})

app.post('/register', (req,res)=>{

const {email, name, password} = req.body;

bcrypt.hash(password, null, null, function(err, hash) {

console.log(hash);

});

database.users.push({

id: '125',

name: name,

email: email,

password: password,

entries: 0,

joined: new Date()

})

res.json(database.users[database.users.length - 1]);

})

app.get('/profile/:id', (req,res)=>{

const{ id } = req.params;

let found = false;

database.users.forEach(users =>{

if(users.id === id){

found = true;

return res.json(users);

}

})

if(!found){

req.status(400).json('not found')

}

})

app.post('/image', (req,res) => {

const{ id } = req.body;

let found = false;

database.users.forEach(users =>{

if(users.id === id){

found = true;

users.entries++;

return res.json(users.entries);

}

})

if(!found){

res.status(400).json('not found')

}

})

app.listen(3000, ()=>{

console.log('app is running on port 3000');

})`

```

This is the code.... what shout i do?

## Answer

Problematic line of code: **res.json('signing')**

Why is it an issue?: You are attempting to send 2 responses to a client for 1 request.

The first response that is being sent out, is in your conditional statement and it sets headers (things like response status 200 if successful etc), after execution of your conditional statement, the line highlighted above, attempts to send another response to the client and also set headers again, hence the error message (Cannot set headers after they are sent to the client)

You can try the suggestion below:

~~~text
`if (
  req.body.email === database.users[0].email &&
  req.body.password === database.users[0].password
) {
  return res.status(200).json({
    title: 'Success',
    message: 'Signing',
  });
}

return res.status(400).json('error logging in');`
```

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/67332379).


Cannot set headers after they are sent to the client - error


## Question

Can one transfer repositories from GitLab to GitHub if the need be. If so, how exactly can I go about doing the same?

Also, are there any pitfalls in doing so or precautionary measures that I need to keep in mind before doing so given that I may decide to eventually move them to GitHub (as it has more features at the moment that I might find handy for my project).

## Answer

For anyone still looking for a simpler method to transfer repos from Gitlab to Github while preserving all history.

Step 1. Login to Github, create a private repo with the exact same name as the repo you would like to transfer.

Step 2. Under "push an existing repository from the command" copy the link of the new repo, it will look something like this:

```text
`git@github.com:your-name/name-of-repo.git`
```

Step 3. Open up your local project and look for the folder `.git` typically this will be a hidden folder. Inside the `.git` folder open up `config`.

The config file will contain something like:

```text
`[remote "origin"]
url = git@github.com:your-name/name-of-repo.git
fetch = +refs/heads/:refs/remotes/origin/`
```

Under `[remote "origin"]`, change the URL to the one that you copied on Github.

Step 4. Open your project folder in the terminal and run: `git push --all`. This will push your code to Github as well as all the commit history.

Step 5. To make sure everything is working as expected, make changes, commit, push and new commits should appear on the newly created Github repo.

Step 6. As a last step, you can now archive your Gitlab repo or set it to read only.

> This answer was originally posted on Stack Overflow. You can find the full discussion [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/64912322)
